Reliability and Validity of the Essential Resilience Scale (ERS): An Instrument for Survey Research
نویسنده
چکیده
Methods: Using the concept mapping approach and through team effort, we developed the Essential Resilience Scale (ERS, 15 items) with a conceptual framework consisting of three components (anticipation, flexibility and bounce-back) and three subscales (physical, emotional and social, 5 items per subscale). We tested the ERS with an adult sample (18-45 years old) in Mainland China consisting of rural-to-urban migrants (n=76), and non-migrant rural (n=85) and urban (n=77) residents.
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